Locke

Reading guide for Locke. First, remember that chapter one is simply a transitional chapter from the first treatise to the second treatise, introducing the topic. The good stuff kicks in in chapter two.


1) How does Locke’s conception of the State of nature differ from Hobbes’? Why
lies behind the different assumptions we find in these theorists?

2) Locke and Hobbes both reference the bible and scripture from time to time. How is religion important to Locke? How is this different from Hobbes?

3) What are the laws of nature? How do they differ from Hobbes’ laws of nature, in both form and content?

4) What “governs” men in nature according to Locke? Why is it not a “state of licence”?

5) Describe the “inconveniences” of the state of nature.

6) How does punishment work in the state of nature?

7) What is the “State of War” for Locke? Under what conditions do we find ourselves there?

8) Locke offers one of the most famous defenses of private property rights in chapter five. He begins second paragraph of the chapter by noting that “God…hath given the world to men in common,” but 10 pages later he has justified private property rights even if they generate great inequalities. How does he justify this, given his starting point? Trace the steps his argument takes here.

9) What is the difference between paternal power and political power? What does this difference suggest about the appropriate nature and scope of activities for government?